Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy is used to perform vibrational spectroscopy of adsorbed molecules on well-defined metal surfaces and on highly dispersed catalyst surfaces. Two state-of-the-art Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are available for diffuse reflectancespectroscopy and for polarization-modulated infrared spectroscopy of electrode surfaces. IIT researchers were the first to demonstrate the in-situ spectroscopy of fuel cell anodes and cathodes in a working fuel cell. These studies are now being extended to the electrode / electrolyte interfaces in lithium-ion batteries. A diffuse reflection assembly is used to study high-surface-area catalysts in situ.
A quadrupole mass spectrometer is used to analyze electrochemical reactor products, as well as mechanistic studies of processes at the electrode / electrolyte interface. The mass spectrometer is equipped with an atmospheric sampling port, as well as with a port for differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy.
The center performs research on materials for high-temperature fuel cells, such as the molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and the solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC). These require highly conductive and stable materials. Researchers test candidate materials using specially designed test stands and a controlled-atmosphere observation chamber.
Mathematical models play an important role in predicting long-term performance at the cell and electrode levels. Center researchers pioneered the development of such models and their use in fuel cells.
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